Exercises and Studies recommended by Ernst Pauer

Ernst Pauer (1826-1905) - The art of pianoforte playing. London, Novello, Ewer and Co. (1877); pp. 71-72

XII. -- EXERCISES ;-- STUDIES.

The Exercise may be defined as a figure or passage that is to be repeated over and over again without any variation in the harmony or melody; its object is to impart technical facility. The Study, on the other hand, is a short musical piece which presents the figures of the exercise in a variety of designs. Thus, the exercise may be termed the raw material, the study the manufactured article.

Among the technical exercises that combine thoroughness with a systematically arranged design in gradual development, we strongly recommend :--

• Plaidy, Louis, "Technical Studies."
• Knorr, Julius, "Materialien fur das mechanische Klavierspiel."
• Herz, Henri, "Gammes et exercices."
• Köhler, Louis, "Technische Materialien;" Op. 170.
• Czerny, Carl, "40 Dayly Exercises, Op. 337."
• Müller, August Eberhard, "Instructive Übungsstücke."

Among the studies for beginners, we recommend :--

• Brunner, Christian Traugott, Op. 412.
• Chwatal, Franz Xaver, Op. 105.
• Czerny, Carl, 100 Progressive Studies, Op. 139.
• Schmitt, Aloys, Preparatory Exercises, Op. 16 [I. Vorbereitende Übungen].
• Clementi, Muzio, "Preludes and Exercises."
• Köhler, Louis, Die leichtesten Etüden, Op. 151; Die ersten Etüden, Op. 50; Op. 152.
• Berens, Hermann. Neueste Schule der Geläufigkeit, Op. 61; 12 études de genre, Op. 73; 20 Etudes enfantines, Op. 79 (for children).
• Gurlitt, Cornelius, 24 melodische Etuden für Anfänger, Op. 50; Le Progrès, 24 melodische Etuden für geübtere Spieler, Op. 51; 20 Studies in Rhythm and Expression, Op. 52; 20 Etuden zur Förderung der Fingerfertigkeit, Op. 53.
• Krug, Diederich, Op. 213.
• Enckhausen, Heinrich Friedrich, Des Pianoforte-Spielers erste Studien, Op. 63.
• Czerny, Carl, First Lessons for Beginners, Op. 359.
• Duvernoy, Jean-Baptiste, Preparatory School of Velocity, Op. 276.
• Lemoine, Henry, Études enfantines, Op. 37.
• Czerny, Carl, The School of Velocity, Op. 299.
• Bertini, Henri, 25 Easy Etudes, Op. 100.
• Heller, Stephen, 25 Etudes, Op. 47.
• Löschhorn, Albert, 33 Etudes progressives et doigtées, Op. 66.

For more advanced performers :--

• Heller, Stephen, 25 Etudes Melodiques, Op. 45; 30 Etudes Progressives, Op. 46.
• Krause, Anton, Etüden zur Ausübung des Trillers, Op. 2.
• Bertini, Henri, 24 Etudes, Op. 29; 24 Etudes, Op. 32.
• Czerny, Carl, The Art of Finger Dexterity, Op. 740.
• Grund, Friedrich Wilhelm, 12 Etudes, Op. 21.
• Clementi, Muzio, Toccata in B flat, Op. 11.
• Pollini, Francesco, Toccata in G major.
• Onslow, Georges, Toccata in C major.
• Czerny, Carl, Toccata in C major, Op. 92.
• Mayer, Carl, Toccata in E major.
• Moscheles, Ignaz, 50 Preludes, Op. 73.
• Bach, Johann Sebastian, 15 Inventiones; 15 Sinfonias.
• Müller, August Eberhard, Caprices (1-15).
• Cramer, Johann Baptist, "Studio."
• Clementi, Muzio, "Gradus ad Parnassum, Op. 44."
• Mayer, Carl, Ecole de la Vélocité - 24 Grandes Etudes de perfectionnement, Op. 200; 12 Studies, Op. 119.
• Kessler, Joseph Christoph, 24 Etudes, Op. 20.
• Döring, Karl Heinrich, Op. 24; Op. 30, "Rhythmical Studies."
• Köhler, Louis, Op. 128, "New School of Velocity."
• Löschhorn, Albert, Op. 67.

For very advanced performers :--

• Köhler, Louis, Op. 112.
• Czerny, Carl, "The School of the Legato and Staccato, Op. 335."
• Heller, Stephen, The Art of Phrasing, Op. 16.
• Seeling, Hans, 12 Concert-Etudes, Op. 10.
• Hiller, Ferdinand, 24 Etudes, 6 Suites d'Etudes, Op. 15.
• Taubert, Wilhelm, 12 Etudes de concert, Op. 40.
• Goldschmidt, Otto, 12 Grandes études, Op. 13.
• Bennett, William Sterndale, 6 Etudes in the Form of Capriccios, Op. 11.
• Berger, Ludwig, 12 Etudes, Op. 12; 15 Etudes, Op. 22.
• Moscheles, Ignaz, 24 Etudes, Op. 70.
• Kalkbrenner, Friedrich, 25 Grandes Etudes, Op. 143.
• Chopin, Frédéric, 12 Etudes, Op. 10; 12 Etudes, Op. 25.
• Moscheles, Ignaz, 12 Charakteristische Studien, Op. 95.
• Henselt, Adolf von, 12 Études caractéristiques, Op. 2; 12 Études de salon, Op. 5.
• Schumann, Robert, Symphonic Etudes, Op. 13; Toccata, Op. 7.
• Döhler, Theodor, 12 Etudes de concert, Op. 30.
• Thalberg, Sigismond, 12 Etudes, Op. 26; "Three Studies."
• Schumann, Robert, "Paganini's Caprices," Op. 3; Op. 10.
• Mendelssohn, Felix, 6 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35; 3 Studies, Op. 104; 3 Preludes, Op. 104a.
• Bach, Johann Sebastian, "48 Preludes and Fugues."
• Liszt, Franz, "3 Studies;" "6 Caprices de Paganini;" "Études d'exécution transcendante."
• "New Gradus ad Parnassum: 100 Studies by different Composers."